BUR=MAN WASHINGKON 


BULLETIN N285 NOVEMBER 1922 


PLANTS FOR HOME BEAUTIFICATION 


A. M. Doerner, Assistant Professor, Landscape Gardening and 


Floriculture 


The home grounds should be so designed as to be beautiful the 
entire year and with a little careful planning, this can be easily done. 

Make a list of plants, including a number of varieties of shade 
trees, shrubs, vines, and flowers, especially perennials. This list 
may be obtained from nursery catalogues and books describing vari- 
ous plants. After each name noite the height of the plant, color of 
bloom, time of bloom, and any other characteristic worthy of men- 
tion, such as colored bark, colored leaves, very graceful form, colored 
fruits or berries, ete. If the plants are numbered consecutively and 
the information put in tabular form, it will be very easy to check up 
on the effect produced at any desired ceason. For instance, the 
height column will show whether you have a representative list of 
plants of various heights; from the season column it can easily be 
determined how much color there will be in the garden at any month. 
If there seems to be a lack of color at any time, try to find plants 
blooming at that period. Be sure no two plants blooming at the 
same time have colors that do not harmonize. Because of the im- 
possibility of describing colors accurately, it is difficult to work out 
good color harmony without actually growing the flowers a season or 
two and becoming acquainted with them. 

A few simple rules, if observed, will lessen the probability of 
securing colors that do not harmonize. Draw a circle on a piece of 
paper and divide it into eighteen equal parts. Beginning at the top, 
label each division of the circle from left to right: red, orange-red, 
red-orange, orange, yellow-orange, orange-yellow, yellow, green-yel. 
low, yellow-green, green, blue-green, green4blue, blue, violet-blue, 
blue-violet, violet, red-voilet, violet-red. Use chart to determine 
what effects various flowers will have in combination. Colors im- 
mediately adjacent to one another on the chart or those directly op- 
posite or nearly so are apt to harmonize and, therefore, can safely be 
used together. Those at right angles to one another are liable to be 
discordant and should not be used by those not familiar with color 


2 


harmony and the possibilities of color combinations. Whites will, of 
course, combine readily with any other color. 


The easiest way to obtain color harmony is to arrange the plants 
listed into groups, according to the month in which they bloom. For 
instance, let us suppose that in April Nos. 2, 11, 16, and 21 are in 
bloom with the colors red, orange, white, and violet-blue represented. 
The violet-blue is liable to clash with the red, therefore, it should be 
discarded and the color harmony for April would be red, orange, and 
white. Continue this process throughout each month, eliminating the 
undesirable and adding where it seems necessary. By checking up 
the column of odd characteristics, such as colored bark, berries etc., 
it can be easily determined whether or not there will be plenty of 
color and variation during the winter when bloom is, of course, im- 
possible. . 


In making out a list, keep in mind soil or climatic conditions 
that are unusual since all plants have their preferences. Better 
success may be had in using plants that do not require special atten- 
tion on account of unusual environment; however, it is not difficuit 
to make a good list of plants for any special soil, exposoure, or cli- 
matic condition. 


Ordering and Receiving Nursery Stock 


All orders for plants should be sent to the nursery as far in 
advance of shipping time as possible in order to insure prompt de- 
livery of good plants at the desired date. If the stock is low or of 
poor quality then there will be plenty of time for the nurserymen 
to communicate with you and allow you to order elsewhere. Scien- 
tific names of plants should be used in making out orders so as to 


avoid confusion. 


Instruct the nurserymen as to the date you wish to receive the 
goods and also the method and route for them to be shipped. It 1s 
often best to leave the method of delivery to the discretion of the 
nurserymen. Freight is too slow in the majority of cases to be a 
safe means of transit. Express is the most common medium and 


parcels post may be used for small bundles. 


After receiving notice from the nursery, that the plants have 


been shipped, communicate daily with your local express or freight 


3 


office so that you may know when the plants arrive. It is advisable 
to open the package in the presence of the transportation employee 
and examine the condition of the plants. This should always be done 
when the plants are over-due or the package seems to be damaged. 


First Care of Nursery Stock 


The care of nursery plants upon their arrival is important. 
Take them home as soon as possible and arrange to protect them from 
the sun and wind. If you cannot plant them the day they are re- 
ceived, store them in a cellar or some other cool, moist place until 
you are ready to set them out. If they have not traveled too far the 
plants should keep several days without injury in the bales and boxes 
in which they have been shipped. The containers should be opened 
enough to let the tops of the plants have plenty of air so as to prevent 
heating or moulding. This is especially important with evergreens 
and herbaceous plants. If the roots seem dry they should be moist- 
ened but not soaked. This can be done by pouring a cupful or two 
of water over the stems at the top of the kale, allowing it to trickle 
down into the packing. 

If, for any reason, it is impossible to plant soon after the ship- 
ment is received from the nursery, the material should be ‘“‘heeled- 
.’ Heeling-in is a temporary planting. Select a protected location 
in good soil and dig a trench twelve or eighteen inches deep, depend- 
ing upon the root system. One side of the trench should be at an 
angle of 30 to 45 degrees. Where the plants are to be heeled-in for 
only a few days it is not necessary to open the bundles; ordinarily, 
however, it is best to do so. Place the roots in the trench letting the 
stems of the plants rest against the gentler slope and cover the roots 
with earth, packing in so that all parts of the roots are in contact 
with the soil. Where the plants are small a double layer may be 
placed in the same trench; where several varieties are being heeled- 
in be sure to keep them separate. An easy way to do this is to alter- 
nate the direction in which the stems protrude from the trench. If 
possible, it is well to water at the time of heeling-in in order to wash 


in 


the earth around the roots and fill up any air space that may be 
there. It is not advisable to leave plants heeled-in longer than neces- 


sary, but if carefully done the plants should keep in good shape in- 
definitely. 


Planting Nursery Stock 


Different classes of plants require different treatment in plant- 
ing. There are certain principles, however, that should be observed 
with all plants. When a shrub or tree is dug up from the nursery 
row it loses a great number of its feeding roots. These are the little 
hairlike roots without which no plant can grow, and in determining, 
therefore, the strength of the root system of a plant one should ob- 
serve the number of these fiber roots and not especially the larger 
stubs. The top part of the piant should be pruned back to correspond 
to the root system, except in the case of evergreens which are seldom 
pruned. In pruning back the top of a tree or shrub attention should 
be paid to the ultimate form it is desired to have the plant assume. 
Any crotches in a shade or street tree should be cut out and the tree 
trained to a single leader. This will eliminate much of the danger 
of future injury to the tree by the wind. It is often advisable to leave 
a few branches along the trunk to shade it from the sun. These low 
branches should be removed as the tree grows. 

Two methods are used in pruning shrubs: One is thinning-out 
the branches where they are injured or too numerous, the other is 
heading-back. The former method produces tall growth, while the 
latter increases the stockiness of the plants giving less height. The 
method to be used depends upon the variety and characteristics of 
the plant itself. 

Because of the variation in climatic conditions in different parts 
of the State of Washington it is difficult to give detailed directions 
for the planting and care of shrubs and trees. On the east side of the 
Cascade Mountains it is advisable to spade up the entire shrubbery 
bed. Where this is not done the holes in which the plants are placed 
should be more than large enough to admit the roots without crowd- 
ing or bending them out of the position they naturally assume. The 
plants should be set slightly deeper than they were in the nursery. 

The chief essential in planting is to have every part of the root 
system in contact with the soil. This requires that the soil be fine 
and care be taken in compacting it around the roots. Haste in fill- 
ing in the soil makes waste in planting. The addition of water at 
the time of planting aids in settling the earth around the roots. 

It is usually best to cultivate newly planted nursery stock until 
it is well established; where subject to drought cultivation may be 

5 


necessary for a number of years. It is better to water thoroughly 
and infrequently than to give too numerous and superficial water- 
ings. However, it is well to water several timnes during the dry 
season. 

Where the top of the plant is heavy enough to catch the wind, 
brace or stake the plants. In order to prevent chafing use a piece 
of rubber hose or burlap instead of rope or wire where the tie comes 
in contact with the bark. 


Native plants like these may be transplanted to adorn the home grounds. 


6 


NATIVE PLANTS OF WASHINGTON VALUABLE AS 
ORNAMENTALS 


Shrubs 
Arrowwood 
Elderberry 
Pyramidal Spiraea 


Oregon Grape Nine Bark 
Creeping Oregon Grape Douglas Spiraea 
Corymbose Spiraea Ocean Spray 


Meadow Sweet *Scotch Broom Red Osier 
Yellow Currant *Red Currant Shrub Dogwood 
Snowbkerry Honeysuckle Kinnikinnick 
Mock Orange (Syringa) *Rhododendron Wild Roses 
Salmon Berry Evergreen Huckle- Sumac 

berry 
Willow Huckleberry *Salal 
Sticky Laurel *Mountain Laurel Squaw Mat 


Trailing Snowberry *Flowering Cranberry Huonymous 


St. Johnswort 


Trees 
Alder Aspen Birch 
Cascara June Berry Hawthorn 
Hazel Nut *Tree Dogwood *Madrone 
Oak *Oregon Maple *Vine Maple 
Willow Beech Juniper 
Pines in var. Firsin -var: Spruce in var. 
*“Thuya (Cedar) Chamaecyparus *Yew 

(Cedar ) 

Hackberry Tamarac 

Vines 
Bittersweet Clematis in var. Honeysuckle 


Hlowers (Mostly Perennial) 


Alum Root Fritillaria Hellebore 
Foxglove Columbine Iris in var: 
Hyacinth Goldenrod Harebell 
Dogtooth Violet Larkspur in var. Lily in var. 
Coral Root Violets in var. Trillium 
Lupines in var. Tway Blade Lady’s Slipper 
Hypericum Phlox Perennial Pea 
Mission Bells Wintergreen Wallflower 
Daisy Gaillardia Poppy 
Solomon’s Seal Camas Sunflower 
Nightshade Ferns Paeony 


(*) before the name of a plant indicates it is found only on the west 
side of the ascades. 


All of these plants will not be found in one locality, many are 
found only in the mountains. There are, however, enough growing 
in any part of the state, except in a few of the lower valley districts, 
to make possible an ornamental planting without the addition of 
exotics. In such districts, it would be necessary to make a trip to 
the foothills to obtain the plants, 


+ 
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CONIAMhwWNMH 


VARIETIES OF TREES FOR WASHINGTON 


Explanation of Characteristics: 


West side of Cascade Mts. only 4. 
. Ornamental flowers 
. Fall coloration of leaves 


. Botanical Name 


. Quercus palustris 


Quercus rubra 


. Acer platanoides 

. Acer rubrum 

. Acer pseudoplatinus 
. Tillia americana 


Platinus occidentalis 


. Ulmus americana 


Celtis occidentalis 


. Catalpa in variety 

. Populus in variety 

. Cottonwood, ete. 

. Acer negundo 

. Acer saccharinum 

. Robinia pseudacacia 


. Quercus prinus 

. Quercus pedunculata 
. Quercus coccinia 

. Quercus nigrum 

. Acer campestris 

. Acer platanoides 

. Acer pseudoplatinus 

. Acer saccharinum 

. Acer saccharum 

. Hleagnus angustifolia 
. Hiecoria ovata 

. Castania dentata 

. Cladrastis tinctoria 

. Gledetsia triacanthos 
. Acer macrophyllum 

. Aralia chinensis 

. Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum 
. Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree 
. Sassafras officinalis 
. Taxodium distichum 


Colored bark 


Some danger from insects 


ey 
6. Colored foliage 
fe 


Colored berries or fruit 


Street Trees 


Common Name 


Pin Oak 

Red Oak 
Norway Maple 
Red Maple 
Sycamore Maple 
Linden 
Sycamore 

Hlm 

Hackberry 


Avoid 


Catalpa 

Poplar 

Cottonwood 

Box Elder 

Soft or Silver Maple 
Black Locust 


Shade Trees 


Chestnut Oak 
English Oak 
Searlet Oak 
Black Oak 
English Maple 
Norway Maple 
Sycamore Maple 
Silver Maple 
Sugar Maple 
Russian Olive 
Hickory 
Chestnut 
Yellowwood 
Honey Locust 
Oregon Maple 
Angelica Tree 


Sassafras 
Bald cypress 


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Characteristic 


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Lawn Trees (Purely Ornamental) 


36. Acer tatarica 

37. Betula alba 

38. Betula lutea 

39. Betula populifolia 

40. Cerasus avium fl. pl. 

41. Cercis canadensis 

42. Crataegus in variety 

43..Pyrus ioensis betchel 

44. Prunus pissardi 

45. Sorbus aucuparia 

46. Syringa japonica 

47. Magnolia macrophylla 

A. Windbreaks 

48. Junperus virginiana 

49. Picea excelsa 

50. Thuya occidentalis 

B. Ornamental 

51. Abies concolor 

52. Abies firma 

58. Cedrus atlantica 

54. Chamaecyparis law- 
soniana 

55. Cryptomaria japonica 

56. Picea pungens glauca 

57. Pinus sylvestris 

58. Pinus pungens 

59. Pinus strobus 

60. Pseudotsuga douglasi 

61. Thuya gigantea 

62. Tsuga hookeriana 

C. Broad-leaved Evergreens 

63. Ilex aquifolium 

64. Magnolia grandifolia 

65. Arbutus menzezii 

66. Quercus virens 


Tartarian Maple 

White Birch 

Yellow Birch 

Native Birch 

Double flowering Cherry 
Red Bud 

Hawthorn 

Double Flowering Crab 
Purple Plum 

Mountain Ash 

Tree Lilac 

Magnolia 


Hvergreen Trees 


Red Cedar 


Norway Spruce, any spruce 


Arborvitae 


Silver Fir 

Japanese Cedar 
Mt. Atlas Cedar 
Lawson Cypress 


Japanese cedar 
Colorado Blue Spruce 
Scotch Pine 

Table Mt. Pine 

White Pine 

Douglas Fir 

Western Arborvitae 
Hemlock 


Holly 

Magnolia 
Madrone 
Live Oak 


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Color of Flowers: 
purple; Pi-pink; Br-bronze; 


CLASSIFIED LIST OF SHRUBS FOR WASHINGTON 


Explanation of Characteristics 


I. West side of Cascade Mts. only. 2. Colored fruits or berries. 
. Colored bark. 4. Blooms several months. 5. Evergreen. 6. At- 


No. Botanical Name 


Bloom in Early Spring 


. Benzoin odoriferum 
2. Daphne cneorum 

3. Daphne mezereum 

. Forsythia suspensa 

. Lonicera fragrantiss- 
ima 
. Spiraea thunbergia 

. Tamarix parviflora 

. Genista andreana 

. Acer palmatum in var. 


. Daphne odora 
SHrics calluna in var. 
. Pieris floribunda 

. Camelia japonica 

. Viburnum tinus 


Bloom in Late Spring 


15. Amelanchier cana- 


densis 

. Azalea canadense 

. Azalea indica 

. Berberis aquifolium 

. Caragana arborescens 
. Caragana frutescens 

. Cydonia japonicum 

2. Cytisus scoparius 

. EHleagnus longipes 

. Euonymous europeus 
. Halesia tetraptera 

. Hippophae rhamnoides 
. Kalmia latifolia 

. Ledum latifolium 

. Leucothoe calesbaei 
. Lonicera morrowii 

. Lonicera tartarica 


. Prunus amyegdalus 
- Rhus aromatica 
. Rhus typhina laciniata 


7. Good for trimmed hedges. 8. Subject to oc- 
casional winter-kill east of Cascade Mts. 9. Will grow in the shade. 
R-red; O-orange; Y-yellow; B-blue; W-white; Pu- 


Cr-crimson; V-violet; var-various. 


Height Charac- 
Common Name _ in feet Color teristic 


Spice Bush 8-10 Y 269 
sarland Flower %-1 Pi cl 
Mezereum 3 R 18 
Golden Bell 6- 8 Y 39 
Fragrant Bush 

Honeysuckle 6 Pi 8 
rhunberg’s spiraea 3- 4 W 68 
Tamarisk 8-10 Pi 679 
Andreana 42 ae 134 
Japanese Dwarf 

Maple 5-15 16 
Daphne 3- 4. PI 155 
Heather Heath 1-. 2 157 
Andromeda 2= <3 WV 1456 
Japanese Camelia 10-12 W-R 156 
Laurustinus 10-12 Pi 10 
Service Berry 10-15 W 2 
Rhodora 3~- 42380 sk 
Azalea 2- 3 “Rea 1 
Oregon Grape 4~25 ae 2579 
Siberian Péa Tree 2-255) 
Siberian Pea Bush 3- 4 Y 
Japanese Quince 5- 6 W-R 
Scotch Broom 4 Y-W 3478 
Oleaster 6 YS 26 
Spindle Tree 12 Ne 26 
Silver Bell 10 W 
Sea Buckthorn 8-10 7X Z2o0d 
Mt. Laurel 4-5 Rae 159 
Labrador Tea 1- 2 W 159 
Andromeda 3- 4 W 15 
Bush Honeysuckle 6 W 29 
Tartarian Bush 6- 8 Pi 29 

Honeysukle 
Flowering Almond 4- 5 Pi 
Aromatic Sumac 3- 458M 2369 
Cut-leaved Sumac a's 69 


10 


Masscd trees and shrubs are mere beautiful than isolated specimens. 


Lt 


. Ribes alpinum 
. Ribes sanguineum 
. Spiraea van houtte 


. Spiraea prunifolium 

. Syringa chinensis 

. syringa vulgaris in var. 
'. Rhodendron occident- 


alis 


. Berberis darwinii 

. Prunus laurocerasus 
. Prunus lucitanica 

. Lonicera nitida 


Bloom in Early Summer 


46. 
. Berberis darwinii 
. Buddleia variabilis 
. Cornus alba 

. Cornus circinata 


Berberis thunbergia 


. Cornus candidissima 


Cotoneaster simonsi 


. Deutzia crenata 
. Deutzia gracilis 


Diervilla florida 


. Euonymous alatus 

. [lex opaca 

. Keria japonica 

. Laburnum vulgaris 

. Ligustrum ibota 

. Ligustrum californicum 


Lobelia grandiflora 


. Philadelphus aureus 

. Philadelphus lemoninii 
. Pieris floribunda 

. Rhamnus dahurica 

. Rhus cotinus 

. Rhobinia hispida 

. Rosa rugosa 

. Syringa josikaea 

. Syringa japonica 

. Viburnum cassinoides 


. Viburnum tomentosum 


. Viburnum Plicatum 


Mt. Currant 
Red Currant 
Van Houtte’s 
Spiraea 
Bridal Wreath 
Chinese Lilac 
Common Lilac 
Southern Oregon 
Azalea 
Darwin’s Barberry 
English Laurel 
Portugese Laurel 
Dwarf Bush 
Honeysuckle 


Japanese Barberry 
Darwin’s Barberry 
Summer Lilac 
Red Osier 


Round-leaved Dog- 


wood 


White fruited Dog- 


wood 
Cotoneaster 
Deutzia 
Dwarf Deutzia 
Weigelia 
Burning Bush 
Holly 
Globe Flower 
Golden Chain 
Japanese Privet 
California Privet 
Lobelia 


Golden-leaved Mock 


Orange 

Dwarf Mock 
Orange 

Lily of the Valley 
Shrub 

Laurel-leaved 
Buckthorn 

Smoke-bush 

Rose Acacia 

Japan Rose 

Chinanthus leaved 
lilac 

Tree Lilac 

White Rod 

Silver-leaved 
Viburnum 

Japan Snowball 


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75. Ceanothus hybrida 

76. Cotoneaster in var. 

77. Aucuba japonica 

78. Abelia grandiflora 

79. Sorbaria sorbifolia 

80. Callicarpa purpurea 

81. Calycanthus floridus 

82. Cotoneaster microphyla 

83. Hibiscus syriacus 

84. Hydrangea arborescens 

85. Hydrangea paniculata 
grandiflora 

86. Hypericum densi- 
florium 

87. Rhododendrons in Var. 

88. Sambucus aurea 


89. Sambucus laciniata 


90. 


Spiraea bumalda 


anthony waterer 


91. Spiraea douglasii 

92. Spiraea fortunei 

93. Symphoricarpus race- 

mosus 

94. Stephenandra flexuosa 

95. Viburnum nudum 

96. Viburnum opulus 

97. Viburnum opulus ster- 
ilis 


98. Buxus sempervirens 
99. Viburnum rhitidophyll- 


um 


100. Potentilla. veitchii 


Bloom in Fall 


101. Caryopteris masican- 


thus 


102. Hamameis virginiana 


Mountain lilac 
Cotoneaster 
Aucuba 

Abelia 


Ash-leaved Spiraea 


Callicarpa 

Allspice 

Evergreen Coton- 
easter 

Althaea 

Hydrangea 

Large-leaved 
Hydrangea 

St. Johnswort 


Rhododendron 

Golden Elder 

Cut- leaved Elder 

Anthony Waterer 
Spiraea 

Native Spiraea 

Fortune’s Spiraea 


snowberry 
stephenandra 
Viburnum 
Flowering Cran- 
berry 
Snowball 


Boxwood 

Evergreen Vibur- 
num 

Cinquefoil 


Blue Spiraea 


Witch Hazel 


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Vines make the house seem a part of its surroundings. 


VINES FOR WASHINGTON 
Explanation of Characteristics 


1. Annual.” 2. Perennial. 3. Not always hardy easteemieug. 
Cascade Mts. 4. Evergreen. 5. Showy flowers. 6. Ornamental 
fruit. 7. Fall coloration of leaves. 8. Clings to brick, stone or 
wood. 9. Fast growing. 10. Dies to ground each winter. 11. 
Tender perennial roots dug up in fall. Colors of flowers: R-red; O- 
orange; Y-yellow; B-blue; W-white; Pu-purple; Pi-pink; Cr-cream;: 
Cri-crimson; cho-chocolate; Br-brown; var-various. 


Month Color Charac- 


No. Botanical Name Common Name Bloom teristic 
1. Actinidia polygama Silver Vine July Cr 2569 
2. Akebia quinata Akebia May Pu. 23568 
3. Ampelopsis quinquifolia Virginia Creeper 2678 
4. ae tricuspidata Boston Ivy 278 
5. Artistolochia macro- Dutchman’s Pipe June Pu. 2 

phylia . 
6. Boussingaultia bassel- Maderia Vine Aug. W. Let 
loides 


14 


7. Cardiospermum hali- 
cacabum 
&. Celastris scandens 


9. Clematis panniculata 


LO: ee montana 
ea oF Jackmanii 
Ue ie Henryii 

13. a orientalis 


14. Dolichos lablab 
15. Euonymous radicans 


16. Hedera helix 
17. Humulus japonica 
18. Ipomaea quamoclit 


19. ue purpurea 
20. ie bona-nox 
21. Jasminum officinalis 
Za ee nudiflorum 


23. Lonicera Japonica 
Halleana 

24. Lycium vulgare 

25. Passiflora coerulea 

26. Perifloca graeca 

27. Polygonum baldschuni- 
cum 

28. Pueraria thunbergiana 

29. Rosa wichuraiana hy- 
brids 

30. Solanum dulemara 

31. Schizophrognia hy- 
drangeoides 

32. Tecoma radicans 

33. Vitis coignettiae 

34. Wistaria chinensis 

35. Wistaria chinensis alba 

36. Wisteria Multijuga 


Balloon Vine July 
Bittersweet July 
Star Clematis Sept. 


Large flowered June- 
Clematis 


Purple Clematis June- 


Sept. 
Henry’s Clematis Aug. 
Chinese Clematis June- 

Sept. 
Hyacinth bean June-Aug. 
Climbing Euonymous 


June-July 
English Ivy 
Japanese Hop 
Cypress Vine June-Oct. 
Morning Glory July-Sept. 
Moon Flower Aug.-Sept. 


Jessamine July-Aug. 
Jessamine June-July 
Japanese Honeysuckle 
July 
Matrimony Vine June 
Passion Vine July 
Silk Vine July-Aug. 
May-Oct. 
Kudzu Vine Aug. 
Memorial Rose June- 
Sept. 


Woody Night Shade Jul. 
Climbing hydrangea Jul. 


Trumpet Vine July 
Crimson Grape 

Wistaria May-June 
Wistaria May 


Japanese Wistria May 


W. 


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